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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="SQL#Standardization_history" title="SQL">SQL language revisions</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist">
<ul><li>SQL-86</li>
<li>SQL-89</li>
<li><a href="SQL-92" title="SQL-92">SQL-92</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A1999" title="SQL:1999">SQL:1999</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL%3A2006" title="SQL:2006">SQL:2006</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2008" title="SQL:2008">SQL:2008</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2011" title="SQL:2011">SQL:2011</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2016" title="SQL:2016">SQL:2016</a></li>
<li>SQL:2019</li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2023" title="SQL:2023">SQL:2023</a></li></ul></td>
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<p><b>SQL:2003</b> is the fifth revision of the <a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a> <a href="Query_language" title="Query language">query language</a>. The standard consists of 9 parts which are described in detail in <a href="SQL#Interoperability_and_standardization" title="SQL">SQL</a>. It was updated by <a href="SQL%3A2006" title="SQL:2006">SQL:2006</a>.
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_features">New features</h2></div>
<p>The SQL:2003 standard makes minor modifications to all parts of <a href="SQL%3A1999" title="SQL:1999">SQL:1999</a> (also known as SQL3), and officially introduces a few new features such as:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="XML" title="XML">XML</a>-related features (<a href="SQL/XML" title="SQL/XML">SQL/XML</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Window_function_(SQL)" title="Window function (SQL)">Window functions</a></li>
<li>the sequence generator, which allows standardized sequences</li>
<li>two new column types: auto-generated values and identity-columns</li>
<li>the new <a href="Merge_(SQL)" title="Merge (SQL)">MERGE</a> statement</li>
<li>extensions to the <a href="Data_Definition_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Definition Language">CREATE TABLE</a> statement, to allow "CREATE TABLE AS" and "CREATE TABLE LIKE"</li>
<li>removal of the poorly implemented "BIT" and "BIT VARYING" data types</li>
<li><a href="OLAP" class="mw-redirect" title="OLAP">OLAP</a> capabilities (initially added in <a href="SQL%3A1999" title="SQL:1999">SQL:1999</a>) were extended with a <a href="Window_function_(SQL)" title="Window function (SQL)">window function</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JensenPedersen2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JensenPedersen2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>For details see.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Documentation_availability">Documentation availability</h2></div>
<p>The SQL standard is not freely available but may be purchased from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/">ISO</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webstore.ansi.org/">ANSI</a>. A late draft is available as a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiscorp.com/sql_2003_standard.zip">zip archive</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160330011635/http://www.wiscorp.com/sql_2003_standard.zip">Archived</a> 2016-03-30 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiscorp.com/">Whitemarsh Information Systems Corporation</a>. The zip archive contains a number of <a href="Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a> files that define the parts of the SQL:2003 specification.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite id="CITEREFEisenberg2004" class="citation journal cs1">Eisenberg, Andrew; et&nbsp;al. (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071111200042/http://www.acm.org/sigmod/record/issues/0403/index.html#standards">"SQL:2003 Has Been Published"</a>. <i>SIGMOD Record</i>. <b>33</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">119–</span>126. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F974121.974142">10.1145/974121.974142</a>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acm.org/sigmod/record/issues/0403/index.html#standards">the original</a></span> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span> on 2007-11-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-08-14</span></span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-JensenPedersen2010-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JensenPedersen2010_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChristian_S._JensenTorben_Bach_PedersenChristian_Thomsen2010" class="citation book cs1">Christian S. Jensen; Torben Bach Pedersen; Christian Thomsen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7UJpcKbVcYkC&amp;pg=PA26"><i>Multidimensional Databases and Data Warehousing</i></a>. Morgan &amp; Claypool Publishers. p.&nbsp;26. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-60845-537-9</bdi>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sigmodrecord.org/publications/sigmodRecord/0403/E.JimAndrew-standard.pdf">SQL:2003 Has Been Published</a></span>
</li>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ronsavage/SQL">BNF Grammar for ISO/IEC 9075:2003</a> – SQL/Framework</li></ul>
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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="SQL70" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="SQL70" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="SEQUEL" class="mw-redirect" title="SEQUEL">SEQUEL</a></li>
<li>SQL-86</li>
<li>SQL-89</li>
<li><a href="SQL-92" title="SQL-92">SQL-92</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A1999" title="SQL:1999">SQL:1999</a></li>

<li><a href="SQL%3A2006" title="SQL:2006">SQL:2006</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2008" title="SQL:2008">SQL:2008</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2011" title="SQL:2011">SQL:2011</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2016" title="SQL:2016">SQL:2016</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL%3A2023" title="SQL:2023">SQL:2023</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="SQL_reserved_words" class="mw-redirect" title="SQL reserved words">Keywords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Alias_(SQL)" title="Alias (SQL)">As</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Case_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Case (SQL)">Case</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Create_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Create (SQL)">Create</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Delete_(SQL)" title="Delete (SQL)">Delete</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="From_(SQL)" title="From (SQL)">From</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Group_by_(SQL)" title="Group by (SQL)">Group by</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Having_(SQL)" title="Having (SQL)">Having</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Insert_(SQL)" title="Insert (SQL)">Insert</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL)">Join</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Merge_(SQL)" title="Merge (SQL)">Merge</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Null_(SQL)" title="Null (SQL)">Null</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Order_by" title="Order by">Order by</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Window_function_(SQL)" title="Window function (SQL)">Over</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Prepare_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prepare (SQL)">Prepare</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Select_(SQL)" title="Select (SQL)">Select</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Truncate_(SQL)" title="Truncate (SQL)">Truncate</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Set_operations_(SQL)" title="Set operations (SQL)">Union</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="Update_(SQL)" title="Update (SQL)">Update</a></span></li>
<li><span class="smallcaps"><a href="With_(SQL)" class="mw-redirect" title="With (SQL)">With</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Edgar_F._Codd" title="Edgar F. Codd">Edgar Codd</a></li>
<li><a href="Relational_database" title="Relational database">Relational database</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">ISO/IEC SQL parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Framework</li>
<li>Foundation</li>
<li><a href="SQL/CLI" class="mw-redirect" title="SQL/CLI">Call-Level Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL/PSM" title="SQL/PSM">Persistent Stored Modules</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL/MED" title="SQL/MED">Management of External Data</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL/OLB" title="SQL/OLB">Object Language Bindings</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL/Schemata" title="SQL/Schemata">Information and Definition Schemas</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL/JRT" title="SQL/JRT">SQL Routines and Types for the Java Programming Language</a></li>
<li><a href="SQL/XML" title="SQL/XML">XML-Related Specifications</a></li></ul>
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